A regional strategy for sustainable hybrid rice development in asia with the contribution of all those attended the consultation meeting as well as those experts from fao, irri, apsa, ifpri and other national institutions. Research article twoline hybrid production system and. The success of super hybrid rice breeding in china and progress in npt breeding at irri suggest that the ideotype approach is effective for breaking the yield ceiling of an irrigated rice. Organization of hybrid rice breeding program using cms system. Construction of a male sterility system for hybrid rice breeding and. Development and use of hybrid rice technology to increase rice productivity in the tropics.
Super hybrid rice in china peng jiming professor china national hybrid rice research and development centre dec. Breeding practices 9 selecting breeders 9 blood tests and vaccinations 9 mating procedures 9 saddles 10 artificial insemination 10 pedigree breeding trapnesting 14 strain and variety crossing 14 outofseason breeding 15 secondseason breeding 16 breeder. Plant breeding, or crop genetic improvement, is the production of new, improved crop varieties for use by farmers. Hybrid rice breeding offers an important strategy to improve rice production, in which the cultivation of a male sterile line is the key to the success of crossbreeding. This improvement is not always translated to the grain yield and its physiological causes are still unclear. Hybrid rice production area is expected to increase by more than 6 million hectares in 2012. Buy an introduction to hybrid rice breeding on free shipping on qualified orders. Better management can increase yield but only to a limited extent. Development of commercial thermosensitive genic male sterile. Farmers can not use their seed from the past season like they can with inbred rice. Combining ability with yield and other traits of 30 new hybrids were tested at pine bluff, arkansas in 2014. It is during the vegetative stage that the plant establishes full potential of photosynthetic capacity to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and develop strong and healthy plants. As production and diversification of maize increases, industrial use of maize will also become important in the country.
One of the greatest bottlenecks in breeding hybrid wheat is the lack of an efficient sterility system to block selfpollination. Hybrid rice breeding in china lin shihcheng and yuan loungping male sterility in rice and its potential use in breeding j. Hybrid rice research is being conducted in 12 rice research centers of india. Traditional farming can only yield limited food for humans and animals. Steps and methods of plant breeding for disease resistance. The seeds were sorted out manually based on the fluorescence and cultivated for the next generation. Breeding method for rice high yield include conventional hybridization and selection, f 1 hybrid breeding, ideotype ideal plant type breeding and. Cytoplasmic male sterility and hybrid breeding in rice. Hybrid rice has proven to be an effective way to enhance rice production. Pdf on jan 1, 2003, s s virmani and others published twoline hybrid rice breeding manual find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. This study was undertaken to evaluate the yield potential, reaction to diseases, and physical grain attributes of.
Therefore the main body, the practical methodology is written for each typical crop with many duplication among closely related plant species. Maize seedling growth stages vegetative stage this stage lasts from emergency to tasseling. The breeding and largescale adoption of hybrid rice contributes significantly. A fertility restorer gene, rf4, widely used for hybrid rice. Breeding practices 9 selecting breeders 9 blood tests and vaccinations 9 mating procedures 9 saddles 10 artificial insemination 10 pedigree breeding trapnesting 14 strain and variety crossing 14 outofseason breeding 15 secondseason breeding 16 breeder management and housing 16 management on limited range 16. Hybrid maize seed production manual 2 from thinning and topping and dry maize stalks and other residues can also be fed to animals. Targeted enrichment by solutionbased hybrid capture to.
Pdf advances in rice breeding, genetics and genomics. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf advances in rice breeding, genetics and genomics article pdf available in molecular breeding 114. Heterosis and combining ability analysis in cms hybrid rice. The chapter closes with information on the rice breeding capacity around the world, showing that rice breeders are widely distributed across all regions and. But plant breeding as a technology increased yield to a very large extent. In the town of malaybalay, on the southern island of mindanao, in the philippines, there is a sign on the highway that reads. Rice breeders have been very successful in improving the crop. Training manual on development of cultivars and seed production techniques in sorghum and. Mechanized seed production is urgently needed for widespread adoption of hybrid rice because it can compensate for the shortage of manual labor to meet the growing food demands in china. The latter was estimated in comparison to commercial varieties. Growth and production of rice encyclopedia of life support.
Comparative performance of hybrid and elite inbred rice. In india, aprh1 is the first hybrid rice variety released in 1994. Development of the thirdgeneration hybrid rice in china. Pdf on jan 1, 2003, s s virmani and others published twoline hybrid rice breeding manual find, read and cite all the research you need on. The main breed ing method used to improve rice is the pedigree, but development of hybrids and population improvement are added to the breeders portfolio. Breeding programs o development of irrigated lowland rice transplanted inbred rice direct seeded inbred rice o development of hybrid rice o development of special purpose rice o variety development for rainfed, upland and abiotic. Pdf development and use of hybrid rice technology to. Rice breeding for high yield by advanced single seed descent. The development of hybrid rice breeding has occurred in three phases, each using a particular methodology. A method for mechanized hybrid rice seed production using female. These must be learned by plant breeders before initiating a comprehensive hybrid rice breeding programme. Ir36 and ir42 yield 45 tha in wet season trials and 78 tha in dry season trials. Some milestones are the contribution to the green revolution with the semidwarf varieties, the new rice plant type and hybrid rice. The use of intersubspecies crosses has made an additional contribution to broadening the genetic diversity of hybrid rice and played an important role in the breeding of super rice hybrids in china.
In the us, china and india, the development, sale and planting of hybrid rice seed has increased greatly over the past two decades. Notes for a laboratory manual shortcutnotes quick reading before skipping the introduction this manual is intended as a handy reference near the laboratory table and not as a textbook in a classroom. Studies conducted at the international rice research institute irri during 1980 and 1981 have shown up to 73% heterosis, 59% heterobeltiosis and 34% standard heterosis for yield in rice. Hybrid rice developed using the threeline hybrid breeding system boosted. Towards molecular breeding and improvement of rice in china yonghong wang, yongbiao xue and jiayang li institute of genetics and developmental biology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china china is the largest producer and consumer of rice in the world and a pioneer in applying hybrid rice technology.
As a self pollinating crop, the pollen produced by the plant fertilizes itself. Department of genetics and plant breeding, govind ballabh pant university of agriculture. Plant breeding david luckett and gerald halloran what is. The chapter closes with information on the rice breeding capacity around the world, showing that rice breeders are widely distributed across all regions and the existing capacity, using the above mentioned.
Since then, hybrid rice has helped increase rice production which yields 1. Combining ability analysis gca enables plant breeders to select parental lines for crossing and provides the opportunity to understand the nature of gene actions involved in the inheritance of desired traits. Breeding highyield superior quality hybrid super rice by. Because of the great impact of watype cms on agriculture, many studies have attempted to elucidate the cmscausing gene in wa mitochondria and to determine. Beighley encyclopedia of life support systems eolss diverse germplasm from around the world to include wild oryza species. Nucleus and breeder seed production of a, b, r, and tgms lines. A method for mechanized hybrid rice seed production using. The breeding and largescale adoption of hybrid rice is an important achievement in modern agriculture. Progress and issues in development and use of hybrid rice in. The hybrids were developed from 6 female parent sterile lines, up1s, up2, up3s, 11a, a, and 15a, to 5 male parent restorer lines, pb5, pb11, pb14, pb15, and pb16. Difficult in breeding intersubspecific hybrid rice low seed set tall plant height poor grainfilling late maturity grain quality market solution for breeding of intersubspecific hybrid rice wide compatibility wc genes allelic dwarf gene indicajavanica hybrids in indica rice growing region japonicajavanica hybrids in japonica rice growing. Hybrid rice breeding uses several concepts, skills and procedures that are strikingly different from those used for inbred rice breeding.
By exploiting new types of male sterility, hybrid rice production in china has become more diversified. Breeding programs o development of irrigated lowland rice transplanted inbred rice direct seeded inbred rice o development of hybrid rice o development of special purpose rice o variety development for rainfed, upland and abiotic stressprone environments breeding programs. Hybrid rice food and agriculture organization of the united nations. In order to clarify it, two field experiments were conducted including two popular indica hybrids brri hybrid dhan2 and heera2 and one elite inbred brri dhan45 rice varieties.
March 2000 february 2005 an update has been written for this document, available here introduction. More than 35 hybrid rice varieties have been released in india till now. Progress in research and development on hybrid rice. Nov 22, 2016 hybrid rice breeding offers an important strategy to improve rice production, in which the cultivation of a male sterile line is the key to the success of cross breeding. Privatelyowned cultivars represented approximately 64 percent of the arkansas rice acreage in 2017, of which 42 percent were hybrids and 45 percent were. The breeding and largescale adoption of hybrid rice is an important. We developed an innovative hybrid rice breeding strategy that uses the monogenic recessive. Seeds harvested from the hybrid plant are not recommended for replanting because the hybrid vigor is lost because of genetic. Progress and issues in development and use of hybrid rice in the tropics s. Hybrid rice varieties have higher yield potential over inbred varieties. Rice oryza sativa is a self pollinating crop with both the male and female reproductive organs residing in the same flower but located differently.
The strategy document was endorsed by the country representatives and other. Indias hybrid rice project was started in the late 1980s. The potential of hybrid rice has so far not been exploited in ghana. Towards molecular breeding and improvement of rice in china. The main breeding method used to improve rice is the pedigree, but development of hybrids and population improvement are added to the breeders. The new variety may have higher yield, improved grain quality, increased disease resistance, or be less prone to lodging. The selection of barley accessions included domesticated, landrace, and breeding accessions from 41 countries, and was based on diversity in phenology development, and diverse geographic origins. You can get any ebooks you wanted like hybrid rice breeding manual printable 2019 in simple step and you can save it now. Pdf twoline hybrid rice breeding manual researchgate.
Based on these materials, and the experience of hybrid rice scientists from china and irri, this training manual on the twoline hybrid breeding method has been prepared, which expands upon the hybrid rice breeding manual published earlier by irri. Hybrid rice panicles 2 on top and panicle from an inbred below the disadvantages of hybrid rice are. In september 2012, yuan longpin, the farther of hybrid rice has. Combining ability trial of hybrid rice at pine bluff. Maize stalks are also used as fuel wood and for construction purposes. Breeding rice for droughtprone environments 2 about this manual the breeding approach is to know the target environment in which the improved varieties are to be grown and ensure that the testing environments represent that environment. Although the development of hybrids and the production of hybrid seed is very difficult, the perception of hybrid vigor exceeding the yield of conventional varieties has propelled the development of a new industry. A wild abortive watype cms has been almost exclusively used for breeding threeline hybrid rice and contributes to 10% of the total rice cultivated area worldwide li et al. Plant breeding techniques being used in some breeding programs include the pedigree. Evaluation of yield, reaction to diseases, and grain physical. Hybrid rice breeding uses several concepts, skills and procedures which are strikingly different from those used for inbreds rice breeding. Hybrid rice breeding manual books international rice research. Rice breeding for high yield is one of the important factors to increase rice production as a solution of food shortage. The increasing nem atode pressure in soils planted to cotton and soy beans, in addition to high yield potentials and new market opportunities, have resulted in a 100 percent.
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